When this happens, Microsoft says that Windows will prevent problematic updates from installing for 30 days. As per its support page, this rollback is only performed as a last resort, and when it happens, the following message will appear upon the next boot-up.

The company will attempt to investigate and fix the issue alongside its partners within a 30-days period. At the end of the period, Windows will try to install the updates again. Of course, if you can’t wait that long, you can manually force the updates to be installed. Considering the nature of Windows updates, it’s nice to know that a faulty one won’t completely botch your system. But considering it’s only done after all other fixes have failed, recovering from one may still be a very time-consuming process. (Source: Microsoft via Windows Latest)

Windows 10 Can Now Automatically Roll Back Faulty Updates - 59